Advancing Genomic-Enabled Newcastle Disease Resistance in Chickens
- Research Project Location: Ghana and Tanzania
- Timeframe: September 2024 - September 2029
- Funding: USAID
Introduction
Newcastle disease (NDV) is one of the most important poultry diseases worldwide with mortality up to 90% in some countries. Vaccines exist but vaccine access and delivery are challenging particularly in remote rural areas. However, genetic selection for enhanced resistance to NDV offers a promising complementary approach to vaccination and biosecurity in addressing these constraints in village production systems.
Differences in disease resistance between chickens are, in part, genetically controlled which allows for genetic improvement of targeted traits specifically innate resistance to the virus and efficacy of host immune response to NDV vaccination.
Project Goal and Objectives
The main goal is to increase the productivity and enhance Newcastle Disease resistance of indigenous poultry breeds in Ghana and Tanzania through genetic improvement, business planning, and capacity strengthening of poultry value chain actors.
The objectives of the project are to:
- Enhance Newcastle disease resistance in indigenous chickens using genomic selection breeding techniques.
- Create an inclusive business plan to market and distribute Newcastle disease-resistant poultry products to local smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa.
- Strengthen the capacity of local research institutions, community animal health workers, poultry breeders, smallholder poultry farmers, and others in the poultry sector to continue genomic selection research, breeding, and caretaking of improved poultry stock.
Background
In Ghana, 4.8 million of the 13 million total poultry population, are local chickens. According to an estimate from the Ministry of Food and Agriculture Veterinary Services Directorate in Ghana, 5-10 million local chickens will be lost due to ND outbreak annually, which results in an estimated economic loss of $20-40 million. In Tanzania, about 38 million indigenous chickens are raised in households or by smallholder farmers.
ND is a highly contagious and often severe disease affecting domestic poultry worldwide. The control of ND in village or backyard flocks remains challenging due to the specific problems associated with vaccinating multi-age flocks such as the absence of a viable cold chain to support the distribution of vaccines. As this is a global problem, a paradigm shift is needed to breed birds that are more resistant to the disease, moving away from the need for vaccination or at least less frequent vaccination against ND.
Research Approach
The project aims to enhance ND resistance in indigenous chickens using a genomic selection platform developed as part of the Genomics to Improve Poultry Innovation Lab that ended in 2023. The project will use this existing genomic selection platform to selectively breed indigenous chickens to improve survival time in the face of infection with the velogenic ND virus. To confirm the heritability of enhanced disease-resistance and productivity traits, new generations of selectively bred flocks in Ghana and Tanzania will be generated through 3-5 hatches depending on the flocks’ egg production rate and fertility. This will be followed by rigorous data analysis to inform revisions of the genomic selection platform and future rounds of selective breeding until a productive chicken with enhanced ND virus resistance is obtained.
From the beginning, the project will engage with local actors and collect substantial quantitative and qualitative data to inform the development of inclusive business plans. The project will employ a system-wide approach for local capacity development to engage relevant value chain actors, private sector, local government and community stakeholders, and policymakers, thereby supporting and sustaining system changes in the poultry research and scaling ecosystem. It will also ensure the capacities are there to scale chicken production with enhanced ND resistance and create an inclusive and enabling business plan.
Principal Investigator (PI) and Lead Institution
Geoff Dahl, University of Florida
Co-Principal Investigators
Huaijun Zhou, University of California – Davis
Boniface Kayang, University of Ghana
Amandus Muhairwa, Sokoine University of Agriculture
Additional Collaborators
- Iowa State University
- World Poultry Foundation
